Jade appraisal scientific knowledge

Jade scientific identification methods have been sought by jade collectors. Forged jade is generally treated with high-temperature processing, chemical dyeing, imitation of ancient jade shapes and ornamentation. However, as long as we take a scientific approach and through the essential analysis, we can basically achieve all the things we can do. However, most people suffer from the lack of effective methods.

At present, some people tend to underestimate the counterfeiters and think that it is impossible for them to be so realistic and so good. However, in fact, because the counterfeiters use their scientific knowledge to carry out counterfeiting, we also need to improve our scientific and technological level, summarize the methods of identification, and analyze counterfeiters' means of counterfeiting.

We need to use dozens of aspects from material, style, design, modeling, and the effect of pits or semi-mature pits, as well as from processes, textures, light, corrosion, oxidation, defects and color changes, hardness changes, etc. Observe and demonstrate. In addition, it is also necessary to refer to the appreciation of cultural artifacts and the use of many scientific and technological theories such as geological mineralogy to achieve accurate and effective discrimination. For example, we distinguish from the material aspect, we must basically know the hardness, density, basic structure of various jade materials and the range of materials used in different periods, and we can understand the different corrosion effects caused by different materials. To discriminate from the aspect of design and design, it must have certain artistic qualities and aesthetic sense. It is necessary to have a general understanding of the changes in the style of jade, the changes in style, and the forms of artistic expression in history. This can help us to see the difference in style between counterfeits. On the other hand, it has a certain degree of artistic accomplishment and aesthetic awareness, which can profoundly comprehend the development of jade in history and help us to more accurately break the line from its development and evolution. For example, the artistic beauty from ancient jade reflects the art design and craftsmanship of jade craftsmen. Since the process of making jade is basically done on an individual basis, not only does it require a good level of design and painting, but it also requires skilled processing techniques. If the design is not processed or only processed and not designed, it will not be able to fully reflect its artistic effects. The combination of our ancestors' arts and crafts was very successful, and the cultural connotation in this respect was something that modern counterfeiters could not learn. Second is the background of the times. The difference in life customs, beliefs, cultural consciousness and aesthetics also determines the conclusion that counterfeit goods and genuine goods cannot be equal. Therefore, counterfeit goods can never be like genuine goods.

With common sense in geology, minerals, chemistry, etc., it can help us to scientifically analyze the corrosion of jade by the surface structure of the concrete pit and pit. For example: The jade in the ground will undergo a chemical change in the slow erosion of the millennium. Groundwater soaking, underground temperature change, acid-alkali soil and so on will produce different stages of transitional changes and hardness changes. The surface of the jade will also have different degrees of oxidative corrosion and various attachments to the jade surface. There are essential differences between the various stages of jade artifacts and the performance of counterfeits. Although the makers of counterfeit goods are painstakingly engaged in camouflage and research and development, the counterfeit goods can't be achieved with the true structure and degree of oxidation of the genuine product. All that can be done is to find old remnants that have been corroded and reinvented for counterfeiting.

Regarding materials, we should understand several kinds of materials used in history. There are white jade, sapphire, topaz, jasper, and jasper jade that we often encounter. At present, in addition to using white jade and sapphire, counterfeiters often use modern materials. Developed Qinghai materials, mine materials, etc. are counterfeit. The texture, structure, hardness, density, and specific gravity of these counterfeit materials are different from the real white jade material. On the other hand, the use of foreign materials, color leather counterfeit genuine jade corrosion. Some of them are easier to distinguish by intuitive, and some counterfeiters use it to perform staining and staining. Therefore, we must study the changes in its structure and hardness by microscopic observation.

On the manufacture of jade equipment tools and materials. Historically, there is no detailed record of this, and we can only conduct physical analysis on the accuracy of grinding, grinding texture, grinding effect, cutting marks, and grinding intensity of jade. Take the Warring States and Han Dynasty jade as an example, we can see that the precision of this processing equipment has reached a very high level, and in this level continues to all ages.

With the changes of the times, the style of crafts is also changing. This era and the continuous improvement and evolution of equipment tools have produced the characteristics of the era of jade crafts. In general, grinding and artificial drilling from the stone age gradually developed into grinding wheels with lower rotational speeds. From the development of solid core tools to tubular drill tools, from low speed to high speed, from low precision of equipment to high precision of equipment, from wear-resistant to high wear resistance of equipment tools, equipment structural materials and tools are constantly changing. Update.

All changes and advancements can be reflected in the effect of jade craftsmanship. For example, from the point of view of drilling, the update of the tool can improve the accuracy of drilling, but due to the poor hardness and wear resistance of the original drilling tool, a clear bell mouth is formed. This phenomenon is caused by the rapid wear of solid core drills with low rotational speed and low hardness, and the drill bit is ground finer during rotary drilling. In order to facilitate drilling, holes are drilled from both sides to form a phenomenon that the two surfaces have a large aperture and a small central aperture, that is, a so-called bee-waist shape.