Since the start of summer this year, Henan Province has experienced an average precipitation of 375.2 millimeters from June 1 to August 24, which is 1.2% higher than the normal level of 370.6 millimeters during the same period. However, the distribution of rainfall across the province has been uneven. The western and southwestern regions, along with parts of northern Henan, have seen significantly higher rainfall, while other areas received less precipitation.
From August 18 to August 25, the province was under a period of persistent cloudy and rainy weather, with most regions experiencing over five days of overcast conditions. This, combined with wet soil, has had a negative impact on the development of autumn crops, particularly in the northern part of the province. In contrast, southern and eastern Henan have remained relatively unaffected, and overall grain production in the province has not suffered significant damage.
According to the analysis, the rainfall between August 18 and 25 was widespread, with more than 100mm of rain falling in northern, southwestern, and central Henan. In contrast, southern, eastern, and southeastern Henan saw less than 20mm of rainfall. During this time, sunshine hours were generally below 40 hours across most of the province. In western Henan, parts of northern Henan, and some areas in the southwest, there were fewer than 6 hours of sunshine, with daily averages dropping below 1 hour in some locations. Four stations, including Dianchi Lake, Mengjin, Luoning, and Yiyang, recorded zero hours of sunlight. Over 70% of the province had more than five consecutive cloudy days.
The average soil moisture at 10–50cm depth, as measured by monitoring stations on August 26, showed that only parts of Yunan and northern Henan had suitable moisture levels, while most other areas were excessively wet.
The cloudy and rainy weather mainly affected the growth of autumn crops in the area north of the Huaihe River, but had little impact on agriculture in southern Henan. Currently, corn in most of the province is in the milk-filling stage, and the prolonged cloudy weather has delayed the maturation of summer maize. In northern Henan, parts of western Henan, and some areas in the southwest, excessive rain has led to reduced photosynthetic activity, weak stalks, and ultimately lower yields. Additionally, waterlogged fields have caused root hypoxia, early aging of leaves, and increased vulnerability to pests and diseases.
At the same time, cotton in Henan is in the flowering stage, and the continuous rain can cause flower and bud drop, reducing the number of bolls and negatively affecting both yield and quality.
To address these challenges, meteorologists have issued several recommendations:
1. Strengthen field management: For corn, remove empty stalks and dead leaves to improve air circulation and light penetration, and enhance resistance to lodging. For cotton, prune regularly to maintain plant clarity.
2. Drainage is crucial: Once the weather clears up, ensure proper drainage, loosen the soil, and promote root health.
3. After the rainfall subsides, apply foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and organic fertilizer based on crop growth conditions to boost photosynthesis and reduce damage from insufficient light.
4. Enhance pest control: High soil moisture after rain increases the risk of pests and diseases. Local authorities should monitor these developments closely and apply pesticides when necessary.
5. Extend harvest periods: With the slight delay in maize development this year, farmers are advised to adjust their harvesting schedules according to local conditions to maximize final yields.
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