Diamonds are noble and luxurious decorations, and jewelry with natural diamonds is the crown of jewelry. However, diamonds are expensive due to their scarcity, especially for slightly larger diamonds, which most people dare not care about. As a result, the use of cheap gemstones, artificial gemstones and even glass to replace or claim diamonds has become more and more intensive or public, and the business of fake diamonds has grown. According to the research and statistics of Mr. Wang Wei, there are 13 kinds of common fake diamonds. Here are 7 kinds of introductions:
(1) Glass: The fake diamonds ground with glass are easy to distinguish because of its low refractive index and the lack of flickering color of true diamonds. Some experienced people know at a glance. In addition, a white porcelain bowl can be used to hold a bowl of clear water. The colorless glass products that pretend to be diamonds can not be seen in the water, and the dark outline of the real diamond is very clear in the water.
(2) Artificial spinel: The difference between it and diamond is that it lacks the flickering colored light. When it is immersed in diiodomethane, the outline is blurred, and the outline of the real diamond is very clear.
(3) Crystal and Topaz: The transparent crystals of these two natural minerals are a bit like diamonds after honing, but they lack the glittering color. And they are all “non-homogeneousâ€, while diamonds are “homogeneous†and are easily distinguished by a polarimeter.
(4) Artificial sapphire: Colorless and transparent artificial sapphire can also be used as a substitute for diamonds after honing. But it almost disappeared in "diiodomethane", and the edge of the real diamond is dark and very clear.
(5) Zircon: Zircon is the best diamond substitute before the emergence of artificial cubic zirconia.
Zircon has a strong birefringence, that is, it has two refractive indices, and the difference between the two refractive indices is large. This produces a very special optical phenomenon. When observing the honed zircon faceted gemstone with a magnifying glass, it can be seen from the top surface that the bottom surface and the ridge line have obvious double shadows. Because diamonds are "homogeneous", there is no double shadow phenomenon.
(6) synthetic rutile: rutile is an ordinary natural mineral, its composition is titanium dioxide, because its refractive index (2.61 - 2.90) is higher than diamond (2.42), so after honing the stone It can be bright and dazzling, and it can be a rainbow-like change. It looks very beautiful. It is a pity that natural rutile is almost entirely opaque, so in 1947, the American Lead Company first produced artificial rutile. Among them, the colorless and transparent ones are used as diamond substitutes or counterfeits, and their colorful flashes surpass the true diamonds, often referred to as “multicolored diamonds†or “five-color diamondsâ€. However, since rutile has a strong refractive index, like zircon, a magnifying glass can be used to see the prominent double shadow of the bottom ridge line from the top surface, so it is easy to distinguish from diamond.
In addition, the "multicolored diamonds" are too bright and have a clear milky white light, so they have a vulgar feeling, far less elegant and lovely than diamonds.
(7) Cubic zirconia: (ie “Soviet Drillâ€): This is the most ideal diamond substitute or impersonation first introduced by the former Soviet Union. It is an artificial compound with no natural minerals. Since the advent of cubic zirconia, a variety of other artificial gemstone materials have been used as alternatives to other low-end gemstones, instead of grinding fake diamonds. This is because cubic zirconia is very close to natural diamonds in terms of refractive index, dispersion, and the like. However, its hardness is low (8.5), its specific gravity is 1.6-1.7 times that of diamond, reaching 5.6-6, and its thermal conductivity is much lower than that of diamond, so it can still be accurately compared with diamonds with instruments. differentiate.
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