Medical textiles are among the most innovative and technologically advanced varieties of textiles. There are four main categories in the application field: the first category is surgical implantable textiles, such as sutures, artificial blood vessels, artificial heart valves, artificial joints, etc. The second category is surgical non-implantable textiles, such as bandages. , gauze, etc.; the third category is artificial organs, such as artificial kidneys, artificial heart and lungs; the fourth category is health care and hygiene products, such as medical sheets, surgical gowns, surgical covers, isolation sheets, diapers, sanitary napkins, adult incontinence pads, etc. . At present, domestic medical textiles are mainly used in the second and fourth categories; the first and third categories have higher technical content, although there are certain productions in China, but they are still less competitive than some famous foreign brands. Currently, it mainly relies on imports. For safety reasons, hospitals often choose large foreign brands, such as medical textiles produced by DuPont, Procter & Gamble, and Johnson & Johnson.
Medical textiles must be non-toxic, non-allergenic, non-carcinogenic and do not undergo any physical or chemical changes during disinfection. The most commonly used natural fibers are cotton, silk and recycled fiber viscose rayon, which are widely used as non-graft materials (wound dressings, bandages, etc.) and health care products (bedding, clothing, diapers, sanitary napkins, wipes, etc.) Commonly used chemical fibers include polyester, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene, carbon fiber, and glass fiber.
Compared with traditional cotton woven medical textiles, medical nonwovens have high filterability to bacteria and dust, low surgical infection rate, convenient sterilization and sterilization, and easy to be combined with other materials. As a disposable medical product, the non-woven product not only uses hygienic convenience, but also effectively prevents bacterial infection and medical infection. According to the comparison of foreign medical cotton fabrics and medical nonwovens, the infection rate of the former is 6.41%, and the latter is only 2.27%. Japan tested the bacterial permeability of two types of medical textiles. The results showed that more than 5,000 bacteria were transmitted through the fabric in only 3 minutes, and a small amount of bacteria was transmitted through the nonwoven fabric for 20 hours.
There are two main types of new medical textile materials technology listed in the "Eleventh Five-Year" scientific and technological project of the textile industry: one is the development of artificial kidneys, and the other is the industrialized research and development of anti-mosquito textiles. The key technology to be solved in the development of artificial kidneys is to use polysulfone and polyacrylonitrile as raw materials, hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes made by hollow spinning, and then assembled into dialyzers; anti-mosquito textiles, domestic anti-mosquito sprays Products, but the degree of composite spinning technology is not high.
Experts from the China Industrial Textiles Industry Association pointed out that medical textiles are based on materials and innovative fabric-based industries. With the diversification of demand for medical and textile textiles and the rapid rise of new textile materials and new technologies, medical textiles is an area with great development potential.
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